Assessing Flat Foot Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Jazan Region: Demographic and Lifestyle Considerations

Objective: The primary goal of this research was to determine the prevalence of flatfoot among adult residents of the Jazan region in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, the study sought to identify significant risk factors associated with flatfoot by analyzing demographic variables, clinical conditions, and lifestyle characteristics. Methods: This study employed a descriptive observational approach, enrolling 317 adults aged between 18 and 60 years residing in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect data, yielding 210 valid responses suitable for analysis. The questionnaire was specifically designed to capture information related to the prevalence of flatfoot, associated symptoms, and various potential risk factors, including demographic data, clinical history, lifestyle behaviors, and footwear choices. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel, with statistical measures used to establish associations between flatfoot prevalence and the evaluated variables. Results: The findings revealed that the overall prevalence of flatfoot differed significantly by gender, with females displaying a higher prevalence rate (8%) compared to males (3%). Key risk factors identified included elevated body mass index (BMI), with higher prevalence observed among individuals classified as overweight or obese—specifically, 12% of females and 5% of males in these categories were affected by flatfoot. Additionally, lifestyle factors, particularly the use of unsupportive or improper footwear, were strongly linked to increased flatfoot risk. Clinical comorbidities, notably diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis, also emerged as significant risk factors associated with flatfoot in the studied population. Conclusion: The prevalence of flatfoot in Jazan underscores the need for targeted interventions that focus on modifiable risk factors, including weight management and proper footwear. Public health initiatives should prioritize awareness and prevention strategies to mitigate flatfoot-related complications.